816314 results (page 11 of 32653)
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Model-independent reconstruction of cosmic thermodynamics and dark energy dynamics
We perform a model-independent investigation of the thermodynamic evolution of the Universe by reconstructing the expansion history from observational data using Gaussian Process regression. We consider three independent combinations of datasets, namely CC32+DESI DR2+Pantheon+, CC32+DESI DR2+Union3, and CC32+DESI DR2+DES Y5, allowing us to assess the impact of different supernova samples on the re…
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A Controlled Benchmark of Visual State-Space Backbones with Domain-Shift and Boundary Analysis for Remote-Sensing Segmentation
Visual state-space models (SSMs) are increasingly promoted as efficient alternatives to Vision Transformers, yet their practical advantages remain unclear under fair comparison because existing studies rarely isolate encoder effects from decoder and training choices. We present a strictly controlled benchmark of representative visual SSM families, including VMamba, MambaVision, and Spatial-Mamba, …
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Investigating the formation channel of GW231123: Population III stars or hierarchical mergers?
The gravitational wave event GW231123, with component black hole masses lying within or above the pair-instability mass gap, poses a significant challenge to current stellar evolution models. In this Letter, we investigate its origin by coupling the galaxy formation model GAMESH with the cluster population synthesis code RAPSTER, and with two distinct binary population synthesis codes (SEVN and BS…
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SAETASS: Solver for Astroparticle Equation of Transport Analysis in Spherical Symmetry
In order to model astrophysical environments characterized by radial stratification, such as supernova remnants or expanding superbubbles; correctly understanding the transport of non-thermal particles in astrophysical plasmas is essential. While large-scale Galactic propagation codes exist, they are often optimized for Cartesian or cylindrical geometries and lack the efficiency of one-dimensional…
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Other red dots: A possible GLIMPSE of normal AGB stars at Cosmic Noon through extreme lensing
We report the discovery of four extremely faint ($m_{\mathrm{F444W}}\gtrsim29$) red point sources in recent ultra-deep JWST/NIRCam images of the strong lensing galaxy cluster Abell S1063. All four sources sit in lensed arcs, on the symmetry points very close to the critical curves for their host-galaxies' redshifts ($z\sim1-4$). Remarkably, these point sources appear in most arcs that are sufficie…
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Flavomon ray tracing in matter gradients
Flavor instabilities develop in neutrino plasmas through emission of flavomons, the quanta of flavor waves. We derive the flavomon equations of motion in slowly varying environments, notably the matter gradients of supernovae, and use them to construct a flavomon ray tracing framework. Combined with a quasi-linear description of flavomon growth, we thus develop a new approach to the global evoluti…
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White dwarf + M dwarf Detached Binaries in Long Period Radio Transients: Observed Binary Parameters, Evolution, and Population Constraints
Long period radio transients (LPTs) are the slowest radio-pulsing sources ever found, with the current population spanning periods of seven minutes to over six hours. Two of the thirteen published LPTs, ILT J1101+5521 and GLEAM-X J0704--37, have been associated with an M dwarf closely orbiting a white dwarf (WD) through optical spectroscopy. Here, we present new Keck I/LRIS optical spectroscopy of…
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Coupled orbital and interior structure evolution of lava planets
Lava planets likely did not form in their current orbits, instead migrating inward via orbital decay, which influenced the evolution of their magma oceans. We introduce a coupled thermal-orbital evolution model to explore how rocky planets migrate from the inner edge of the protoplanetary disk, with periods of 1-10 days, to orbital periods of less than a day. In our model, mantle melting is contro…
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Beyond Three Terms: Continued Fractions for Rotating Black Holes in Modified Gravity
Black-hole ringdown offers a clean probe of strong gravity, but one of its most accurate tools--Leaver's continued-fraction method--requires a three-term recurrence relation. Beyond general relativity, and more generally in non-Kerr spacetimes, Frobenius expansions of the perturbation equations generically produce higher-order recurrence relations and, often, couplings among the series coefficient…
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The perturbative Ricci flow in gravity
We develop a perturbative formulation of the Ricci flow in gravity. Following steps analogous to the gradient flow in QCD, we supplement the usual Feynman rules for perturbative gravity by flowed propagators and vertices as well as graviton flow lines which describe the evolution of gravity along the Ricci flow. By calculating vacuum expectation values of a number of independent operators at the t…
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The KM3NeT event: a primordial high energy neutrino?
High energy neutrinos can be injected in the early Universe from the decay or annihilation of long lived primordial relics. We analyse the possibility that the ultrahigh energy neutrino event recently observed by the KM3NeT neutrino telescope could have such an origin. This possibility has the advantage of leading to a sharp spectral feature in a way that the neutrino flux can be small at all ener…
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Binary Evolution Can Mimic the Pair-Instability Mass Gap in Black Hole Mergers
The recent O4a release from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration, which significantly increased the number of gravitational-wave (GW) detections, reveals features with potentially important astrophysical implications. One notable example is a hint of the so-called pair-instability mass gap. In particular, the observed decline in the number of black holes (BHs) with mass above 45 Msun, together with …
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Hunting Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in the MeV Gap
We investigate the sensitivities of upcoming MeV gamma-ray telescopes to sterile neutrino dark matter in the mass range $(0.2-100)\,{\rm MeV}$. Sterile neutrinos in this regime can produce observable photon signals through radiative two-body decays and three-body decays with final-state radiation. We perform a Fisher forecasting analysis incorporating realistic astrophysical background modeling an…
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GOALS-JWST: Resolved multi-phase molecular gas in IRAS 20551-4250 using JWST and ALMA
Studying the content and distribution of molecular gas provides key insights into how feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and star formation influences galaxy evolution, since molecular gas is the primary fuel for star formation. Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) are ideal candidates to study how AGN and/or starbursts affect the interstellar medium due to their intense AGN and star …
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MathNet: a Global Multimodal Benchmark for Mathematical Reasoning and Retrieval
Mathematical problem solving remains a challenging test of reasoning for large language and multimodal models, yet existing benchmarks are limited in size, language coverage, and task diversity. We introduce MathNet, a high-quality, large-scale, multimodal, and multilingual dataset of Olympiad-level math problems together with a benchmark for evaluating mathematical reasoning in generative models …
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MUA: Mobile Ultra-detailed Animatable Avatars
Building photorealistic, animatable full-body digital humans remains a longstanding challenge in computer graphics and vision. Recent advances in animatable avatar modeling have largely progressed along two directions: improving the fidelity of dynamic geometry and appearance, or reducing computational complexity to enable deployment on resource-constrained platforms, e.g., VR headsets. However, e…
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Hawking area law in quantum gravity
We show that the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA (LVK) verification of Hawking area law carries profound consequences for quantum gravity if such a law is postulated to hold exactly. The observed mergers can be produced in local Stelle gravity and in nonlocal quantum-gravity theories with entire or fractional form factors either by (i) singular Ricci-flat black holes or (ii) possibly regular classical black ho…
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If at First You Don't Succeed, Trispectrum: I. Estimating the Matter Power Spectrum Covariance with Higher-Order Statistics
We present a method to estimate non-Gaussian power spectrum covariance matrices by directly measuring the response of the small-scale power spectrum to long-wavelength perturbations via bispectrum and trispectrum estimators. Specifically, we derive estimators for the complete non-Gaussian matter power spectrum covariance, including the super-sample contribution, in terms of the squeezed bispectrum…
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Sessa: Selective State Space Attention
Modern sequence models are dominated by Transformers, where self-attention mixes information from the visible context in an input-dependent way. However, when retrieval is not sharp and attention remains diffuse over an effective support $S_{\mathrm{eff}}(t)$, the influence of any individual token is diluted, typically scaling as $O(1/S_{\mathrm{eff}}(t))$ and reaching $O(1/\ell)$ for old tokens i…
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The T16 Planet Hunt: 10,000 New Planet Candidates from TESS Cycle 1 and the Confirmation of a Hot Jupiter Around TIC 183374187
The T16 project has produced a uniformly detrended and systematics-corrected set of 83,717,159 TESS Cycle 1 full-frame image light curves for stars observed by TESS in its primary mission down to T=16 mag, enabling sensitive transit searches beyond the official TESS pipelines. While most existing TESS planet searches focus on relatively bright targets, planet occurrence rates suggest that a substa…
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Bounded Ratio Reinforcement Learning
Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has become the predominant algorithm for on-policy reinforcement learning due to its scalability and empirical robustness across domains. However, there is a significant disconnect between the underlying foundations of trust region methods and the heuristic clipped objective used in PPO. In this paper, we bridge this gap by introducing the Bounded Ratio Reinforce…
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Agentic Forecasting using Sequential Bayesian Updating of Linguistic Beliefs
We present BLF (Bayesian Linguistic Forecaster), an agentic system for binary forecasting that achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ForecastBench benchmark. The system is built on three ideas. (1) A Bayesian linguistic belief state: a semi-structured representation combining numerical probability estimates with natural-language evidence summaries, updated by the LLM at each step of an iter…
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ReCap: Lightweight Referential Grounding for Coherent Story Visualization
Story Visualization aims to generate a sequence of images that faithfully depicts a textual narrative that preserve character identity, spatial configuration, and stylistic coherence as the narratives unfold. Maintaining such cross-frame consistency has traditionally relied on explicit memory banks, architectural expansion, or auxiliary language models, resulting in substantial parameter growth an…
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When Can LLMs Learn to Reason with Weak Supervision?
Large language models have achieved significant reasoning improvements through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Yet as model capabilities grow, constructing high-quality reward signals becomes increasingly difficult, making it essential to understand when RLVR can succeed under weaker forms of supervision. We conduct a systematic empirical study across diverse model families …
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T-REN: Learning Text-Aligned Region Tokens Improves Dense Vision-Language Alignment and Scalability
Despite recent progress, vision-language encoders struggle with two core limitations: (1) weak alignment between language and dense vision features, which hurts tasks like open-vocabulary semantic segmentation; and (2) high token counts for fine-grained visual representations, which limits scalability to long videos. This work addresses both limitations. We propose T-REN (Text-aligned Region Encod…